aponeurosis - thin sheath connecting muscle to other tissue; a tendon
arcus marginalis - an area of thickening just below the the point where the orbital septum fuses with the rim of bone beneath the lower eyelid
asymmetry - one side unmatched to the other
atrophy - thinning or loss of substance within a tissue layer
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blepharoplasty - surgery to improve the appearance and/or function of the eyelids
blepharoptosis - droopy upper eyelid; also known as "ptosis"
Boards - official specialty groups comprising the American Board of Medical Specialties
Board-certified - has met proficiency requirements of any of the member ABMS Board
brow lift - operation to correct brow ptosis
brow ptosis - droopiness of the eyebrow
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canthus - tissues just beyond the corners where the upper and lower eyelids join
canthal tendons - tendons supporting the eyelid to the bone of the socket
canthoplasty - surgery at the canthus to reinforce the lower lid
chemical peel - application of various caustic chemicals to soften skin wrinkles
commissure - the point at which the upper and lower eyelids join
conjunctiva - transparent tissue lining the white of the eyeball and the back of the lids
cornea - transparent front layer of the eyeball
coronal - surgical incision made ear-to-ear through the scalp during forehead lift
corrugator muscle - muscle just above the eyebrows that causes frown lines
cosmetic surgery - surgery undertaken with the primary intent of improving appearance
crease - fold in the upper eyelid
cutaneous - pertaining to the skin surface of the eyelid
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dermatochalasis - excess eyelid skin
dermis - second layer of the skin, just below the epidermis
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ectropion - eyelid turned out from the surface of the eyeball
edema - tissue fluid causing swelling
endoscope - small tubular microscope allowing less invasive surgery
epidermis - outermost layer of the skin
exposure keratitis - drying of the cornea caused by incomplete closure of the eyelids
extraocular muscles - muscles that move the eyeball
eyelid laxity - stretchy eyelid due to loosening of the deeper tendon support system
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fascia - strong sheath encasing muscle
fibrous - collagen accumulation in scarring
follicles - roots of the hair
forehead lift - operation to correct forehead/brow ptosis and forehead wrinkling
forehead ptosis - sagging or droop of the forehead and brow
frontalis muscle - muscle of the forehead that elevates the eyebrows
functional surgery - surgery undertaken with the primary intent of improving function
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glabella - area between the eyebrows
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lacrimal gland - tear gland that produced tears to moisten eye surface
lagophthalmos - inability of the eyelids to close fully
laser blepharoplasty - eyelid surgery incorporating laser as the cutting/coagulation tool
laser resurfacing (laser peel) - use of a laser to soften skin wrinkles
lash ptosis - upper eyelid lashes drooping over the cornea
lateral canthus - junction of upper and lower lids on side towards the temple
levator muscle - the main elevator (opening) muscle for the upper eyelid
levator aponeurosis - tendon of the levator muscle
limbus - circular junction between the cornea and the sclera
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malar fat pad - prominent area of thickened cheek fat starting below the eyelid and extending over much of the upper cheek
medial canthus - junction of upper and lower lids on side towards the nose
midface - tissues extending from the lower eyelid to the upper lip
MA1ller's muscle - secondary (minor) elevating muscle of upper eyelid
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nasal - located towards the nose side of the eyelids (medial)
nasojugal fold - fold from inner eyelid corner downward onto the cheek (tear trough)
nasolabial fold - fold extending from corner of nostril to the corner of the mouth
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oculoplastic surgery - plastic surgery on the eyelids and surrounding structures
ophthalmic plastic surgeon - specialist in surgery of the eyelids
ophthalmologist - medical doctor specialized in treating eye disease
orbicularis oculi muscle - eyelid muscle that closes the eye
orbit - socket of bone in which the eye sits
orbital septum - structural middle eyelid layer that holds back the fat
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palpebral - referring to eyelid
palpebral fissure - opening between the eyelids
periosteum - a thin but strong tissue layer lining the surface of bone
plastic surgery - surgery to restore function or improve appearance
plastic surgeon - specialist in plastic surgery of the entire body
procerus muscle - muscle that lowers the brow
proptosis - a bulging eye
ptosis - droopiness
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retraction - an abnormal pulling down of the lower lid or pulling up of the upper lid
retrobulbar - behind the eyeball
rhytids - wrinkles
ROOF - retro-orbicularis oculi fat; thick fat pad just under and below the eyebrow *
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sclera - white of the eye; covered by conjunctiva ; joins with the cornea
scleral show - excessive exposure of the sclera due to eyelid retraction
skeletonization - exposure of the orbital rim due to droop of the cheek
SOOF - sub-orbicularis oculi fat; thick fat pad at top of cheek just below the closing muscle of the lower lid
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tarsus (tarsal plate) - cartilage-like stiffening layer extending across the eyelid
tear trough - the groove or depression that begins between the side of the nose and the lower eyelid and extends along or just below the orbital rim of bone below the eye. Also known as the "nasojugal fold." Not an abnormal feature unless overly deep.
tear trough deformity - a deeper than usual tear trough
temporal - located towards the temple side of the eyelids (lateral)
transconjunctival - surgical entry into the eyelid by going through the inside surface of the lid
transcutaneous - surgical entry into the eyelid by going through the skin.

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